Vaccinations in pregnancy - Vaccination information in pregnancy

You will be offered vaccines during your pregnancy. Vaccination is the safest and most effective way of protecting you and your baby from serious illness.

Protect you and your baby

During pregnancy, your immune system is naturally weaker than usual. This means you are less likely to fight off infections that can be harmful to you and your baby.

Vaccination during pregnancy can help prevent disease or make illness less serious for you, and for your baby. This is because the antibodies (natural substances your body produces to fight infection) are passed to your unborn baby, helping to protect them in their first few weeks of life. 

Before or after pregnancy

The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella. The MMR is a live vaccine and so it is not recommended during pregnancy. However, it is recommended for women who have not received two doses of the vaccine either before or after pregnancy. You can have the MMR vaccine up to one month before becoming pregnant or after your baby is born. If you are not sure, please check with your midwife or GP surgery. Visit the MMR vaccine page for more information about the MMR vaccine.

Which vaccines are recommended in pregnancy?

Vaccinations to protect against pertussis (whooping cough), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and flu are recommended in pregnancy to help keep you and your baby safe.

Vaccine	When to have the vaccine
Whooping cough (pertussis) vaccination	Offered from 16 weeks. The best time to have the whooping cough vaccine is from 16 to 32 weeks of pregnancy. You can have it up until your baby is born, but it may be less effective later in pregnancy. This gives your baby the best chance of being protected from birth, as you will transfer your antibodies to them before they are born. The whooping cough vaccine is recommended every time you’re pregnant, even if you have had the vaccine before.
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine	Offered from 28 weeks. The best time to have the RSV vaccine is from 28 to 36 weeks of pregnancy. You can have it up until your baby is born, but it may be less effective later in pregnancy. It is offered all year round. It is recommended during every pregnancy, even if you have had the vaccine before. The RSV vaccination in pregnancy offers your baby the best protection against RSV.
Flu (influenza virus) vaccine	Offered during flu season (which may be at any time during your pregnancy). You should have the flu vaccine as soon as it is offered to you. The flu vaccine is available between September and March, and is recommended every time you’re pregnant, even if you have had the vaccine before. Getting vaccinated each flu season protects you against new strains of the virus and reduces the risk of spreading flu to your baby.
COVID-19 vaccine	The COVID-19 vaccine can be given at any stage of your pregnancy. It’s important that pregnant women get all the recommended doses of the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible. Reports from around the world show Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are safe to use in pregnancy.

For more information about these vaccines, speak to your midwife, health visitor or practice nurse. To arrange an appointment for your vaccines, contact your GP or speak to your midwife.

Access the bilingual booklet for information about vaccination in pregnancy.

Other vaccines to discuss with your midwife

You may be offered other vaccines during pregnancy if you have an underlying health condition.

For example, if you have a weakened immune system, you may be offered the COVID-19 vaccine to help reduce your risk of serious illness from COVID-19 infection. For more information, speak to your midwife or your GP.

Other vaccines may be recommended for some babies soon after birth, including:

hepatitis B, and
BCG.

If you think you might be eligible for additional vaccines, speak to your midwife or GP.

Why are vaccines important for pregnant women?

Vaccination during pregnancy can help prevent disease or make illness less serious for you and your baby. This is because the antibodies (natural substances your body produces to fight infection) are passed to your unborn baby, helping to protect them in their first few weeks of life.

Before becoming pregnant, check that your vaccinations are up to date to protect against diseases that can cause illness in you or your unborn baby.

Are these vaccines safe in pregnancy?

Yes, these vaccines are safe in pregnancy.

All medicines (including vaccines) are tested for safety and effectiveness before they are allowed to be used. Once they are in use, their safety continues to be monitored by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

Do these vaccines have side effects?

Like all medicines, vaccines can cause side effects. This is because they work by triggering a response in your immune system. Most of these side effects are mild and only last a few days, and not everyone gets them.

The most common side effect is a sore arm where you had the injection. Other side effects include:

a fever
feeling tired
general aches
chills or flu-like symptoms
swelling of the arm you had the vaccination in
loss of appetite
irritability, and
a headache.

Serious side effects are very rare.

These symptoms normally last less than a week. If your symptoms seem to get worse or if you are concerned, call NHS 111 Wales. If you get advice from a doctor or midwife, make sure you tell them about your vaccinations so that they can assess you properly.

You can also report suspected side effects of vaccines and medicines through the Yellow Card scheme. You can do this online at Yellow Card, by downloading the Yellow Card app, or by calling 0800 731 6789 (Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm).

What do I need to do?

It is important to have your vaccines at the right time in pregnancy. The NHS will give you information about when and where to get vaccinated. If you are not sure what is best for you, discuss this with your midwife, who will explain more about the vaccines and how they can help protect you and your baby.

If you are unwell when your appointment is due, it is better to wait until you have recovered to have your vaccines, but you should try to have them as soon as possible.

Are the vaccines safe if I am breastfeeding?

The benefits of breastfeeding are well known, and all these vaccines can safely be given to women who are breastfeeding. You do not need to stop breastfeeding before your vaccination, and you can continue breastfeeding as normal afterwards.

Can I still get whooping cough, RSV or flu when I am vaccinated?

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent severe illness from whooping cough, RSV and flu. No vaccine is 100% effective, so it is still important to know the signs and symptoms of these diseases, even if you are vaccinated. For more information about these vaccines, visit:

You can find information about the signs and symptoms of illnesses caused by RSV at:

After your baby is born

For information about vaccines from 0 to 5 years of age, visit the Pre school page.

Further resources

A schedule showing which vaccinations are routinely offered in Wales is available.
The Every Child Wales resources provide parents with information for their own health and that of their children. Every child in Wales has the right to the very best start in life and help along the way.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) aims to improve women’s healthcare across the world by making it more accessible and improving the quality of education.

Page last reviewed: 13th April 2026