Section 2 – What is Down’s syndrome and living with Down’s syndrome (trisomy 21 or T21)?

What is Down’s syndrome?

Down’s syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21 in all or some cells. Down’s syndrome is also known as trisomy 21, or T21.  A person with Down’s syndrome has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. The extra chromosome cannot be removed from cells even if Down’s syndrome is diagnosed before the baby is born.

All women have a chance of having a baby with Down’s syndrome. Nothing you or the baby’s father have done or not done can make any difference to this chance.

All people with Down’s syndrome will have a learning disability. This means they may be delayed in their development and take longer to learn new things. There is a greater understanding these days of how children with Down’s syndrome learn, and help is provided in education settings. The antenatal tests cannot tell you what the health and support needs of your baby may be.

You can watch some family stories on living with Down’s syndrome.

Children and adults with Down’s syndrome

Most children and adults who have Down’s syndrome lead healthy and fulfilled lives and are included in their community. Most say they enjoy their lives and relationships. Many adults are capable of work and live in their own accommodation, with support. Most children with Down’s syndrome who do not have a serious health condition, will live into their 60s or longer.

Most children with Down’s syndrome attend mainstream schools. Some health conditions are more common in people with Down’s syndrome. These include heart, vision and hearing conditions.